How Does A CNC Router Machine Work?

Based on the introduction mentioned before, an automatic router machine is controlled by a computer. All necessary data, in form of so-called G-codes, are assembled into a CNC program. The G-codes consist of a “G” followed by a number and type of milling work instruction. Since these codes are standardized, they may be based on the software used in almost all computer-controlled machines. When all data has been inserted and the program is ready to play, the machine can start its work. Manufacturers have added their own codes to the ISO G-codes. Therefore, various post-processors exist to generate ultimately "matching" programs from CAM programs for all different machines.

By a rotation of the respective tool, or a spindle adapted to the material, opposite the clamped workpiece, a cutting movement is produced, which is necessary for the desired chipping. This has already been determined in the records based on the G-codes. The movement of the router bit around the workpiece, ensures the predetermined shape. This can be done, depending on the design of the router, by displacement of the workpiece on a movable table. By using all axes, almost all workpiece geometries are possible such as:

3D models for architecture and model construction.

3D freeform surfaces.

Rotosymmetrical workpieces.

Lettering in 2D or 3D.

Engravings in 2D and 3D.

Threads.

Grooves.