Metal laser cutting machine principle and classification introduction

Introduction to the principle and classification of metal cutting machine

I. Principle

Laser cutting machine is the use of focused high power density laser beam irradiation workpiece, so that the irradiated material rapidly melting, vaporization, ablation, or to reach the ignition point, and at the same time, with the help of coaxial with the beam of high-speed air blowing off the molten material, so as to achieve the workpiece cut. Laser cutting belongs to one of the thermal cutting methods.

Classification

Laser cutting can be divided into laser vapor cutting, laser melting cutting, laser oxygen cutting and laser scribing and control fracture four categories.

(1) laser vaporization cutting

The use of high energy density laser beam heating the workpiece, so that the temperature rises rapidly, in a very short period of time to reach the boiling point of the material, the material begins to vaporize, the formation of vapors. These vapors are ejected at a great speed, and at the same time as the vapors are ejected, a cut is formed in the material. The heat of vaporization of the material is generally very high, so high power and power density are required for laser vapor cutting.

Laser vapor cutting is mostly used for cutting very thin metal materials and non-metallic materials (such as paper, cloth, wood, plastic and rubber, etc.).

(2) Laser melting cutting

Laser melting cutting, laser heating to make the metal material melting, and then through the nozzle with the beam coaxial blowing non-oxidizing gases (Ar, He, N, etc.), relying on the strong pressure of the gas so that the liquid metal discharge, the formation of the kerf. Laser melting cutting does not need to make the metal completely vaporized, the energy required is only 1/10 of the vapor cutting.

Laser melting cutting is mainly used for some materials that are not easy to oxidize or active metal cutting, such as stainless steel, titanium, aluminum and its alloys.

(3) laser oxygen cutting

Laser oxygen cutting principle is similar to oxyacetylene cutting. It is the use of laser as a preheating heat source, with oxygen and other active gases as a cutting gas. On the one hand, the gas blown out with the cutting metal, oxidation reaction occurs, releasing a large amount of oxidizing heat; on the other hand, the molten oxides and molten material from the reaction area blown out of the metal to form a kerf. Due to the oxidation reaction in the cutting process generates a lot of heat, so the energy required for laser oxygen cutting is only 1/2 of the melting cutting, and the cutting speed is much greater than laser vapor cutting and melting cutting. Laser oxygen cutting is mainly used for carbon steel, titanium steel and heat-treated steel and other easily oxidized metal materials.

(4) laser scribing and control fracture

Laser scribing is the use of high energy density laser scanning on the surface of brittle materials, so that the material is heated to evaporate a small groove, and then apply a certain pressure, brittle materials will be cracked along the small groove. The lasers used for laser scribing are typically Q-switched lasers and CO2 lasers.

Controlled fracture utilizes the steep temperature distribution created when the laser scribes the groove to create localized thermal stresses in the brittle material, causing the material to break along the small groove.

Above is the introduction of the principle of metal laser cutting machine. Metal laser cutting machine is a kind of machine and equipment that can automatically layout, it can save a lot of material, and the material cut out by using metal laser cutting machine is very flat, its cut is very smooth. Metal laser cutting machine this kind of equipment can reduce the processing cost when doing the work. Most of the manufacturers of processing will choose this kind of equipment, it can effectively reduce the manufacturing cost and processing cost of the enterprise.