The main components of fiber laser cutting machine

Working principle of fiber laser cutting machineFiber laser is a new type of fiber laser developed internationally. It outputs a high-energy density laser beam, which is concentrated on the surface of the workpiece, causing the area illuminated by the ultra-fine focal spot on the workpiece to instantly melt and vaporize, and achieving automatic cutting through the CNC moving spot mechanical system to illuminate the position.

The main components of fiber laser cutting machine

1. Fiber laser

Laser is the core "power source" of fiber laser cutting machines. Just like a car engine, it is also an expensive component in fiber laser cutting machines. At present, there are fiber lasers such as IPG, ROFIN, and RAYCUS on the market.

2. Motor

The motor of the fiber laser cutting machine is the core component of the motion system. The performance of the motor directly affects the effectiveness of product processing and production efficiency. The commonly used motors currently include stepper motors and servo motors. Configure according to the industry type and product type of the cutting object.

A. Stepper motor:

Fast start-up speed, sensitive response, suitable for cutting with low requirements. The price is lower. There are many brands of stepper motors with varying performance.

B. Servo motor:

High movement, smooth movement, high load, stable performance, smooth edges of processed products, fast cutting speed, high price, suitable for industries and products with high cutting requirements.

3. Fiber laser cutting head

The fiber laser cutting head is a laser output device composed of a nozzle, a focusing lens, and a focusing tracking system. The cutting head of the fiber laser cutting machine will follow the set cutting trajectory, but the height of the laser cutting head needs to be adjusted and controlled according to different materials, thicknesses, and cutting methods.

4. Laser lens

Laser lenses are commonly used in the entire fiber laser cutting equipment. Many optical devices include laser lenses. Different lenses have different functions, such as total reflection lens, semi reflection lens, focusing lens, etc. The quality of the lens directly affects the output power of the laser and also affects the performance of the entire fiber laser machine.

5. Host workbench

The bed, crossbeam, workbench, and Z-axis system of the fiber laser cutting machine are collectively referred to as the host. When the fiber laser cutting machine is cutting, the workpiece is first placed on the bed, and then the servo motor is used to drive the crossbeam to control the movement of the Z-axis. Users can adjust parameters according to their own needs.

6. Rack

Fiber laser cutting machines have very high requirements for machine stability. At present, the mainstream shelves in the market include gantry, cantilever, crossbeam, etc. Different shelves have different functions. For example, crossbeam frames are mainly used for material cutting by large manufacturers. There are also models tailored to specific fields, such as 3D fiber laser cutting, mainly applied in the automotive industry.

7. Chiller

The chiller is a cooling device for fiber laser cutting machines, which can quickly and efficiently cool equipment such as lasers and spindles. At present, chillers are equipped with input and output control device switches, as well as advanced cooling water flow, high and low temperature alarm functions, making their performance more stable.

8. CNC fiber laser cutting system

The control system is the main operating system of the fiber laser cutting machine, mainly controlling the machine tool to achieve the movement of the X, Y, and Z axes, as well as controlling the output power of the laser. Its quality determines the stability of the operational performance of the fiber laser cutting machine. Through software control, the cutting effect can be improved.

9. Gas supply system

The gas supply system of the fiber laser cutting machine mainly includes gas source, filtering device, and pipeline. Among them, there are two types of air sources: bottled air and compressed air. The auxiliary gas blows away the slag during metal cutting, playing a role in supporting combustion and also providing some protection for the cutting head.

10. Other parts

A. Air cooled dryer and filter: 

used to provide clean and dry air to the laser generator and beam path to maintain normal operation of the path and reflector.

B. Ventilation dust collector: 

Extract and filter the smoke and dust generated during the processing to ensure that the exhaust gas emissions meet environmental standards.

C. Slag removal machine: 

Removes leftover materials and waste materials generated during the processing.

D. Stable power supply: 

The power supply is connected between the laser, CNC machine tool, and power system. Mainly plays a role in preventing external power grid interference.